Aeration

Oxygen is the single most important water quality parameter there is when it comes to managing your lake or pond. The sufficient amount of oxygen varies from pond to pond and lake to lake. Much of it centers on the biological oxygen demand (B.O.D.) and water temperature.  Aquatic Biologists, Inc. offers a complete line of aeration equipment and products to meet your needs. If you are unsure of what components you need for your aeration system please take the time to fill out an Aeration Proposal Request Form (pdf). Our biologists will be happy to assist you.

There are many ways in which to aerate a body of water. Most of the available devices used today are covered here. The main objective for using an aeration system is to provide sufficient dissolved oxygen to the water column. Although fish consume oxygen from the water column, their excrement asserts a higher B.O.D. As feces and other organic litter builds up on the bottom, it forms sediment composed of a large percentage of organic material. Microorganisms, on the bottom of the pond, feed upon this organic matter and subsequently use up the available oxygen. During nighttime hours, plants and algae further reduce the available oxygen.

Diffused (Bottom) Components

Compressors | Diffusers | Cabinets | Air Hose | Options & Accessories  Epilimnetic (Surface) | Directional Flow | Hypolimnetic

Approaches to Lake & Pond Aeration

There are four basic approaches to lake and pond aeration;  Diffused (Bottom), Directional Flow, Epilmnetic (surface) & Hypolimnetic. Each approach has distinct benifits to suit individual lake and pond aeration requirements.

Diffused (Bottom) Aeration -- Destratifies the water column making oxygen levels and temperature uniform throughout the lake or pond, thus the lake tends to be warmed. Diffused bottom aeration systems pump air into the water. Systems of "fine bubble diffusers" are placed near the bottom of the water body. Compressed air is pumped through underwater airlines to the diffusers. The air then bubbles out through the diffuser membrane and rises through the water column to the surface. When released at the bottom of a pond or lake, compressed air naturally begins to migrate towards the surface of the water. As air travels up the water column the pressure, surrounding the bubbles slowly decreases causing the bubbles to increase in size. A slight current begins to develop. The current draws oxygen-depleted water and noxious gases from the bottom, oxygenates it and transports it to the surface. When the diffused air bubbles reach the lake or pond's surface, a gentle boiling is produced. The "boil" allows the noxious gases to escape the pond. Equipment

These systems are extremely effective in destratifying a water body and are Aquatic Biologists, Inc. preferred method of aeration due to its many benefits.

Directional Flow -- Used to turn stagnant, still or low flowing water into a stream environment while adding oxygen into the water column. Creating the stream environment may help limit the reproduction of mosquitoes in your area. In summer months, directional flow devices can be used to keep floating debris out of bays, marinas and canals; as well as around docks and beaches. Many directional flow devices can be angled downward to destratify ponds to about 18' in depth. Circulators can also be used to eliminate stagnant water and may reduce mosquito breeding grounds in the summer; and in winter months to prevent winter kill of your fish population. Equipment

Epilimnetic (Surface) Aeration - Adds dissolved oxygen to the top layer of the water column (the Epilimnion). These devices quickly add large amounts of oxygen into a small area. Epilimnetic surface aerators function by moving a large volume of water (800 - 1300 gpm) approximately 2 - 4 feet into the air where the water takes on atmospheric oxygen before it returns to the lake or pond. As a result of the massive amount of water being pumped into the air and splashing back down onto the pond's surface, a wave action radiates outward from the device toward the pond or lake perimeter. This process thereby increases gas transfer within the pond, inducing circulation as the water mixes and improving water quality while producing generally warm temperatures and high oxygen content (important to fish and other creatures) throughout the layer. Equipment

Epilimnetic surface aeration does not improve conditions in the hypolimnion or at the soil/water interface, which is often where aeration is needed the most. Epilimnetic surface aeration uses more electricity than other types of aeration that produce an equivalent amount of dissolved oxygen.

Hypolimnetic Aeration - This method brings oxygen to the hypolimnion without destratifying the water column. A major advantage of this method is that different temperature layers are maintained, allowing a diverse fishery to be developed. Cold water fish (e.g. trout) are able to live in the colder water available within the hypolimnion while warm water fish species (e.g. blue gills, bass) are able to live and thrive within the epilimnion. Equipment

COMPRESSORS

The heart of any lake-bed, or bottom-mounted aeration system is often the air compressor itself. ABI offers a variety of compressors that are quiet, small, energy efficient and will pump a steady and constant flow of oxygen to your diffuser system.

The key considerations when deciding which air pump, compressor or blower (different ways of moving air) to buy are what volume of air (in cubic feet per minute, cfm) you need, where the diffusers are located, distance of each diffuser location from shore and the pressure (in pounds per square inch, psi) required to supply that volume. Keep in mind it takes 1 psi to push an air bubble 27" below the surface of water. All air compressors used for aquatic purposes should be "oil-less".

Electrical costs are often times a concern when determining the viability of an aeration system. Electrical costs may be determined by how many watts each compressor will use to operate. Don't worry about amps-they are for sizing breakers. Wattage consumption can be determined by using the following formulas:

Single-phase watts= volts x amps x power factor
Three-phase watts = volts x amps x 1.73 x power factor

All of our compressors are sold with a manufacturer's warranty of 1 year, although our field experience indicates they last for many years if properly operated and maintained. For best results, all compressors should be placed and secured in a well-ventilated cabinet, to prevent deterioration of electrical components, rusting, and voiding of the warranty.

Linear
Linear compressors fill the gap between aquarium air pumps and ponds. They are energy efficient and offer higher pressure capabilities than other brands. They are ideal for use in bait shops, classrooms, koi ponds and laboratories.

Linear motors operate on electromagnetic oscillation which eliminates sliding parts, thereby reducing noise, minimizing power usage and extending motor life. A minimum of 35,000 hours continuous operation is expected from most models before any service is needed.

Our linear compressors are enclosed in a weather resistant enclosure that provides additional sound proofing as well as protecting the motor.

• Very quiet and energy efficient
• Only 30-50 dba
• 115 volt UL listed
• No cabinet needed
• Long service life - Minimum of 35,000 hours continuous operation
• Only use in depths up to 5 feet
• 2.8 to 3.6 PSI
• 1 to 10 CFM
• 1-year warranty.

Rocking Piston

Continuous-duty, oil-free rocking piston compressors are the highest performing compressors available today. Rocking piston compressors are a great choice for continuous operation applications, possessing high pressure capabilities while operating at lower rpm's. These features allow them to run cooler and last longer, while using less electricity than similar compressors. They are the perfect choice for aerating small ponds or deep water applications (to 30 psi). ABI's line of rocking piston compressors are equipped with noise reducing intake air filter, pressure relief valve, 3-foot power cord and thermal overload protection.

• Designed for continuous operation
• High pressure capability
• Low RPM (Last longer)
• Relatively quiet
• All wetted aluminum parts treated for corrosion protection from moisture
• 1/4 and 1/3 HP
• 1.6 to 5.5 CFM
• For deep ponds or lakes
• 115 or 230 volt
• Single and twin cylinder units

Rotary Vane
Our top selling compressor Purchase Compressor

Oilless rotary vane compressors are compact, easy-to-service and excellent for moderate-pressure, continuous-duty applications. They more than double the air output of piston compressors with better longevity. The carbon vanes self adjust for years of maximum efficiency and can be easily replaced in about 15 minutes using common tools.

Thermal overload protection, air filter, inlet check valve and 3' power cord is included.

All of our rotary vane compressors are performance tested and covered by a one-year warranty (not including air filters, vanes, water damage or lightning damage). Although all models can be rewired in the field, it's best if you specify required voltage when ordering, so we can supply the correct power cord (all single-phase models will be wired 115V if not specified). Three-phase models ship with no power cords.

• Long lasting/continuous duty
• Medium pressure
• Excellent for pond and lake aeration and de-icing
• Carbon vanes self adjust to maintain maximum efficiency
• Warranty - 1 year on compressor only - Not on vanes
• 1/4, 3/4, 1, 1 1/2 HP and 2 HP units
• 115 or 230 volt
• 10 PSI
• 4.5 to 20 CFM
• Depths up to 18'

Piston Purchase Compressor

Piston air compressors are for applications requiring higher pressures than our rotary vane compressors are capable of providing. These 50-psi models deliver much more air than the 100-psi models normally found in the marketplace.

Whether you're aerating a deep water lake, overcoming the friction loss of a long run of air piping or forcing air through a fine pore diffuser, these compressors provide a continuous supply of oil-free air. Due to amp draw, 115V models do not have power cords.

One-year warranty. Made in USA.

• Best for long runs or deep water applications
• Corrosion resistant
• 115 or 230 volt
• 1 HP (Other sizes available)
• 100 PSI
• 5.4 CFM

DIFFUSERS

Aeration is most effective when the air bubbles are very small. Small bubbles increase diffusion of oxygen from the air into the water. More importantly, the rising bubbles circulate the water in the lake or pond. The smaller the bubbles, the more efficient they are at both oxygen diffusion and circulating the water.

An aerator's standard aeration efficiency (SAE) is an important consideration when comparing one aerator with another. The SAE can be calculated by measuring the aerator's oxygen transfer and the amount of energy used per horsepower, per hour, under standard conditions. An SAE of 2.1, for example, means that 2.1 pounds of oxygen per horsepower, per hour, are transferred to the water under standard conditions. The higher the SAE, the higher the oxygen transfer, the higher the efficiency.

However, SAE numbers are a fair comparison only when comparing aeration equipment of the same exact type. You cannot use the SAE as your only tool in the selection of an aeration system. Our diffuser comparison page is available to help understand and compare the efficiencies of different air diffusers we have.

ABI Predator Diffuser Series
The NUMBER ONE Aeration Choice For Lakes & Ponds

ABI Predator diffusers are designed specifically to maximize aeration efficiency. Diffuser selection is based on "certified" performance standards directly correlated to CFM delivery rates and water depth. Predator series diffusers are engineered to out perform any and all other diffusers primarily because of their flow through design and active surface area.
Predator Diffusers:

• Maximize Oxygen Transfer and Energy Efficiency
• Reduce Odors and/or Harmful Gases
• Lower Pathogenic Bacteria Count
• Increase Microbial Populations to Further Increase Organic Sediment Reduction
• Increase Fish Carrying Capacity
• Create an Unfavorable Growing Environment for Blue-Green Algae
• Restore Water Quality
• Bubble Size: 50 - 500 microns

Aqua Bio I & II

Each Aqua Bio diffuser utilizes a specially manufactured porex tubing to create the formation of fine micro bubbles (50 - 500 microns) in a 360 degree radius around the entire length of tubing. Stainless steel plate allows for extended life and protection of the diffuser tubing while maintaining the diffuser above the soft sediment.

Three year limited warranty. Purchase

Purchase

AquaAirTM provides ponds and lakes with superior aeration, circulation, and de-stratification. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are increased throughout the entire water column with the use of bottom-mounted diffusers. The diffusers employ a super fine micro-bubble technology resulting in the highest diffuser oxygen transfer rates (OTR) available today. The micro-bubbles entrain bottom water and synergistically lift it to the surface where atmospheric oxygen is absorbed and then transferred throughout the water column.

AquaAirTM aeration systems offer the following lake and pond benefits:

• Entire water column circulation - up to 4000 gpm depending on diffuser depth
• Elimination of thermal stratification
• Increased dissolved oxygen levels that stimulate the natural aerobic digestion process thus reducing nutrient levels and associated algal growth
• Elimination of oxygen related fish kills and expansion of the oxygenated habitat and ecosystem
• Reduction of mosquito and aquatic midge infestations
• Elimination of foul odors from undesirable dissolved gases
• Reduction of organic bottom sediment
• 5 Year Warranty on all in-water components

COMPRESSOR CABINETS
Purchase compressor cabinet

It is extremely important to protect the compressor of the aeration system from the elements. Without a protective cabinet, compressors can be easily damaged by severe weather or, in the case of a power failure, could be destroyed by any condensation entering into the compressor housing.

Aquatic Biologists, Inc. carries a wide variety of compressor cabinets to fit every need. Choose from steel, cedar, fiberglass, aluminum, or rock cover design as above ground cabinets. Underground cabinets, which can be totally hidden, are also available. All cabinets come with lockable hasps, vents, and either 115 or 230 volt 140 CFM circulating fan and filters to provide continuous clean air flow and cooling.

AIRHOSE
Purchase airhose

Aquatic Biologists, Inc. primarily uses self-sinking airhose for the aeration systems we design. Our self sinking airhose is manufactured exclusively for ABI and our distributors to aerate lakes and ponds.

Specifications for
FLEXIBLE SELF SINKING AIR HOSE
Manufactured Specifically to Aerate Lakes and Ponds
Indestructible, kink-proof airline eliminates the need for weighting down traditional semi-rigid airline.

Larger sizes are available for lake aeration systems or where the length of airline for a single diffuser is over 1,000 ft..

AERATION OPTIONS & ACCESSORIES

Wind Powered Aerator

 Although not nearly as efficient as diffused air systems, windmill aerators are a great option for remote ponds. The windmill can be located hundreds of feet from the pond. Allowing placement in the windiest location. Tubing is run from the windmill to a diffuser at the bottom of the pond. Choose from 12' to 20' tower. Double diaphragm windmills are also available, which increase windmill efficiency by 240 percent. Diffuser depth placement is very important. Do not install below the thermocline.

Solar Powered Aerators

Solar Powered units are available - Consult with an ABI representative.

Ice Domes
Winter aeration will maintain open water. This may pose a problem to people or animals falling through the ice. Ice domes solve this problem by allowing the diffused air to escape up through the dome vent. This allows ice to form around the dome. Ice domes may also discourage geese from staying around too long in the fall.

EPILIMNETIC (SURFACE) EQUIPMENT

  Achieve excellent aeration results while maintaining a low profile. This chemical-free process is created by combining a floating electric motor operating at 1725 RPM with a high-efficiency stainless steel propeller system. The random boil effect results in an oxygen transfer rate starting at 3 lbs. per hour. This continuing cycle of oxygen circulation and induced wave action prevents thermal stratification and supports aerobic bacterial action, resulting in clearer, cleaner, odor-free water.

Oxymax® systems work from the bottom of the pond, completely submerged, out of sight and silent. This system couples an electric motor with a propeller water-transport system. The oxygen-depleted water is moved rapidly from the bottom of the pond directly and efficiently to the surface. This cooler, denser water absorbs oxygen as it quickly spreads across the pond. It returns down through the stratified layers, providing equal distribution of oxygenated water.

Kasco Aerators

According to independant testing conducted at Auburn University, Kasco's Pond Aerators possess SAE (Standard Aeration Efficiency) of 3.0 lbs. of oxygen per horsepower per hour of operation or greater. All Kasco Pond Aerators are self-contained units that float at the surface with a single power cord returning to shore, which makes them extremely easy to move and install with a single person.

Kasco Pond Aerators are perfect for continuous duty or as a supplement supply of aeration during times with low oxygen levels and with minimum operating depths as low as 15", they can be used in almost any situation with great success.

Kasco Pond Aerators agitate high volumes of water at the surface to maximize exposure of water to the air for gas exchange.

Kasco Pond Aerator Features:

• Longer-life top and bottom ball bearings
• Environmentally friendly oil-filled motor with a hard-face internal mechanical seal and external lip seal for protection against leaks.
• Flood oil lubricated for excellent heat dissipation.
• Industrial Design
• Highly efficient, lower power consumption than competitive equipment 
• Superior dependability in salt-water or other corrosive environments. All external metal motor, float, and hardware components are of stainless steel composition and protected by a sacrificial zinc anode.
• Requires minimal maintenance. We recommend cleaning the stainless steel motor housing once or twice per year and replacing the sacrificial zinc anode when visibly corroded.
• ETL listed to stringent UL and CSA Safety Standards
• U.P.S. Shippable
• Made with pride in the U.S.A.

Kasco Aerators are available in the following models. All include a float and two (or three) 50' braided nylon mooring ropes and are available with 50', 100', 150', or 200' SJTOW underwater rated electrical power cords.

DIRECTIONAL FLOW EQUIPMENT

Air injector systems draw in oxygen from above the water's surface through an air-intake tube powered by a submerged electric motor. The oxygen enters the propeller chamber, where it is mixed rapidly by a specially designed propeller. The propeller breaks down the aspirated oxygen into fine bubbles while mixing them with water entering through the protected intake chamber. These bubbles are then thrust via the propeller into the water, providing horizontal circulation of oxygen.

Kasco Circulators/De-Icers
Water movers are great for shallow ponds where diffused aeration is inefficient. Moving water insures that otherwise stagnant areas receive oxygenated surface waters. The moving water is also a deterrent to unwanted algae growth. Kascos can also be used to reduce organic sediment by moving oxygenated water toward the bottom of the pond. This replenishes the bottom oxygen content, and encouraging the growth of microbial organisms. Kascos can also be used to keep open water during the winter. They are great for around boat docks.

An optional dock mount is available to attach directly to a boat dock or a treated 4x4 spike driven into the pond bottom. They can also be suspended from a float ring.